Serological Evidence for the Co-Circulation of Two Lineages of Influenza D Virus in Equine Populations of the Midwest United States

Author

Hunter Theodore Nedland, South Dakota State UniversityFollow

Document Type

Thesis - Open Access

Award Date

2018

Degree Name

Master of Science (MS)

Department / School

Biology and Microbiology

First Advisor

Feng Li

Keywords

equine IDV influenza influenza D orthomyxoviridae

Abstract

Influenza D virus (IDV) is a newly described lineage of the Orthomyxoviridae virus family that was first isolated from diseased swine in 2011 and has subsequently been detected in cattle around the world in 2014. In addition, serological evidence for IDV infection in humans has been recently established. Despite all the progress, the full range of susceptible hosts for this novel virus has yet to be determined, but includes swine, bovine, small ruminants and human. This study was designed to determine if equine is a possible host to this newly emerging influenza virus. 364 equine serum samples were collected in 2015 from 141 farms within the Midwestern United States. Serum samples were examined using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay against two established IDV lineages (D/OK and D/660) and one IDV-related human ICV lineage (C/JHB). Results of this study showed 44 (44/364, 12%) samples positive for antibodies against D/OK, 39 (39/364, 11%) samples positive for antibodies against D/660, and 41 (41/364,11%) samples positive for antibodies against C/JHB. A subset of these samples was further confirmed via microtiter neutralization (MN) assay. Our data demonstrated that horses are susceptible to two lineages of IDV, and that these viruses were present in equine populations throughout multiple Midwestern states of the United States. These findings continue to support the need for further surveillance of IDV viruses in agricultural species in order to work toward a better understanding of the full host range and natural reservoirs of influenza D virus.

Library of Congress Subject Headings

Sendai virus -- Middle West.
Influenza viruses -- Middle West.
Horses -- Virus diseases -- Middle West.

Format

application/pdf

Number of Pages

47

Publisher

South Dakota State University

Recommended Citation

Nedland, Hunter Theodore, "Serological Evidence for the Co-Circulation of Two Lineages of Influenza D Virus in Equine Populations of the Midwest United States" (2018). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3268.
https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/3268