Evaluation of Volatile Metabolites Emitted In-Vivo from Cold-Hardy Grapes during Ripening Using SPME and GC-MS: A Proof-of-Concept

Authors

Somchai Rice, Iowa State University
Devin L. Maurer, Iowa State University
Anne Fennell, South Dakota State UniversityFollow
Murlidhar Dharmadhikari, Iowa State University
Jacek A. Koziel, Iowa State University

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2-2019

Abstract

In this research, we propose a novel concept for a non-destructive evaluation of volatiles emitted from ripening grapes using solid-phase microextraction (SPME). This concept is novel to both the traditional vinifera grapes and the cold-hardy cultivars. Our sample models are cold-hardy varieties in the upper Midwest for which many of the basic multiyear grape flavor and wine style data is needed. Non-destructive sampling included a use of polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) chambers temporarily enclosing and concentrating volatiles emitted by a whole cluster of grapes on a vine and a modified 2 mL glass vial for a vacuum-assisted sampling of volatiles from a single grape berry. We used SPME for either sampling in the field or headspace of crushed grapes in the lab and followed with analyses on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We have shown that it is feasible to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted in-vivo from single grape berries (39 compounds) and whole clusters (44 compounds). Over 110 VOCs were released to headspace from crushed berries. Spatial (vineyard location) and temporal variations in VOC profiles were observed for all four cultivars. However, these changes were not consistent by growing season, by location, within cultivars, or by ripening stage when analyzed by multivariate analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analyses (HCA). Research into aroma compounds present in cold-hardy cultivars is essential to the continued growth of the wine industry in cold climates and diversification of agriculture in the upper Midwestern area of the U.S.

Publication Title

Molecules

Volume

24

Issue

3

First Page

536

Format

application/pdf

DOI of Published Version

10.3390/molecules24030536

Publisher

MDPI

Rights

Copyright © 2019 the Authors

Recommended Citation

Rice S, Maurer DL, Fennell A, Dharmadhikari M, Koziel JA. Evaluation of Volatile Metabolites Emitted In-Vivo from Cold-Hardy Grapes during Ripening Using SPME and GC-MS: A Proof-of-Concept. Molecules. 2019; 24(3):536.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.