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Document Type

Thesis - University Access Only

Award Date

2003

Degree Name

Master of Science (MS)

Department / School

Wildlife and Fisheries Science

First Advisor

Kenneth F. Higgins

Abstract

Relatively little information has been published on South Dakota turtles compared to the neighboring Midwest states. This study was conducted to compile literature relevant to the species of turtles that occur in the state; develop proper protocols for field collection, morphological measurement, live animal handling and voucher specimen preservation; and update species distribution maps. Seven species of turtles are thought to occur in South Dakota including the western painted (Chrysemys picta bellii), snapping (Chelydra serpentina), spiny softshell (Apalone spinifera), smooth softshell (Apalone mutica), false map (Graptemys pseudogeographica), ornate box (Terrapene ornata ornata) and Blanding’s (Emydoidea blandingii) turtle. Relevant historic and more recent literature was synthesized to determine the former status of these turtles. A variety of wetlands and deepwater habitats were sampled for turtles during 2002 and 2003 in every county in South Dakota. Turtles were captured more efficiently and effectively by hand or with baited hoop nets than with crab traps or basking traps. Eight hundred and one turtles representing six species were captured or positively sighted during this study. Blanding’s turtles were neither captured nor sighted during this study. Male:female ratios were nearly equal for all six turtle species. Based on 405 trap nights, turtles were captured in 45% of the sets. Based on capture and sightings data, five species of turtles captured were found more widely distributed than previously reported. Spiny softshell distribution was extended by 241 km (150 mi) north and 386 km (240 mi) west. In contrast, the range of smooth softshells was decreased by 193 km (120 mi). Male western painted, spiny softshell, smooth softshell and false map turtles averaged smaller across all morphological measurements than females of the same species. In contrast, female snapping turtles averaged smaller across all measurements than male snapping turtles. Carapace length was the best measurement overall for

Library of Congress Subject Headings

Turtles--South Dakota--Geographical distribution
Turtles--South Dakota--Morphology

Description

Includes bibliographical references (pages 82- 90)

Format

application/pdf

Number of Pages

120

Publisher

South Dakota State University

Rights

Copyright 2000 Sarah J. Bandas. All rights reserved.

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