Document Type
Thesis - University Access Only
Award Date
2008
Degree Name
Master of Science (MS)
Department / School
Animal Science
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding supplemental fat supplied from dried distillers grains with solubles (DOGS) or raw com oil on cow performance, nutrient digestibility, and plasma concentrations of long-chain fatty acids, insulin-like growth factor-I, growth hormone, and non-esterified fatty acids. In experiment 1, 60 non-pregnant beef cows (BW = 553.5 ± 38.7 kg; BCS = 5.4 ± 0.5) were randomly allotted to 1 of 15 pens (n = 4 per pen; 14.6 m x 37.2 m) and assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: supplemental fat from DOGS (DG), supplemental fat from com oil (OIL), or no supplemental fat (NO OIL). Treatments comprised 35% of dietary DM to provide the maximum amount of fat possible from DOGS without inducing health problems due to excess sulfur (S) intake. Distillers grains and OIL treatments were formulated to be isolipid and isonitrogenous, whereas the NO OIL treatment was formulated to be isonitrogenous to DG and OIL with no additional fat. Weights were recorded prior to feeding on d -1, 0, 28, 59, and 60. Over the entire feeding period, DMI, ADG, and G:F were not (P > 0.05) affected by treatment. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture on d 0, 28, and 60. Plasma samples from each collection date were harvested and analyzed for GH, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and NEFA concentrations, and long chain fatty acid (LCFA; C12:0 and greater) concentrations. Plasma IGF-1 concentrations were greater (P < 0.001) on d 60 than on d 0 or 28. The increase in plasma IGF-1 concentrations caused a reduction (P < 0.013) in plasma GH levels from d Oto d 28; concentrations on d 28 and d 60 were not different. Changes in NEF A concentrations over time decreased (P < 0.0OOl)in a similar pattern to that of GH, indicating cows were in a state of negative energy balance prior to trial initiation, and therefore, mobilizing body fat stores to meet energy demands. Increases in plasma Cl 7: 1 from d Oto d 28 were greatest (P = 0.08) in the· OIL treatment than in the DG and NO OIL treatments, and decreased (P = 0.03) in a similar manner from d 28 to d 60, but did not change significantly over the course of the 60 d feeding period. Plasma C 15: 1 did not significantly change during the first 28 d on experiment, but DG and OIL increased (P = 0.06) from d 28 to d 60. Plasma C22: 1 increased the most (P = 0.01) for cows fed NO OIL from d Oto 28; however, this pattern was reversed (P = 0.06) from d 28 to 60, when DG and OIL treatments displayed the greatest increases in C22: 1 concentrations. Increases in plasma C 18: 1 cl 2 were greater (P= 0.10) in cows fed the DG or OIL supplements compared to the NO OIL treatment during the first 28 don experiment. However, plasma C18:lc12 decreases (P < 0.006) were greatest for the 2 fat supplemented groups during d 28 to 60. DG and NO OIL treatments displayed the greatest (P = 0.06) increases in C16:0 and total saturated fatty acids (SFA) from d Oto 28. From d 28 to 60, plasma concentrations ofC16:0 and total SF A decreased (P < 0.10) for all 3 dietary treatments, with the DG supplement decreasing the most, followed by NO OIL and OIL. Increases in plasma Cl8:lt9 were greatest (P = 0.07) for cows fed the NO OIL treatment from d Oto 28; from d 28 to 60, decreases in plasma C18: lt9were greatest (P = 0.05) for NO OIL supplemented cows. Plasma C20:0 and CLAc9tl l displayed similar patterns of change (P = 0.06) during the first 28 d, with the DG and OIL treatment groups demonstrating greater increases than the NO OIL treatment group. Changes in CLAc9tl 1 decreased the least (P = 0.02) in cows fed the NO OIL supplement from d 28 to d 60. Only 2 FA that showed significant increases over the course of the entire feeding period ( d 0 to d 60), C 15 :0 and C 15: 1. In both instances, the DG and OIL treatment groups displayed greater (P:::: 0.09) increases in concentrations of the 2 FA than that of NO OIL treatment group. Experiment 2 was conducted to determine the affects of supplemental fat from either dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) or raw com oil on the digestibility of nutrients and differences in long chain fatty acid (LCFA; C12:0 and greater) concentrations. Six crossbred steers (BW = 273 ± 10.7 kg) were used in a replicated Latin square design with 3 consecutive 19 d feeding periods that consisted of 14 d diet adaptation followed by 5 d collection. Animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: supplemental fat from DDGS (DG), supplemental fat from com oil (OIL), or no supplemental fat (NO OIL). Treatments comprised 35% of dietary DM to provide the maximum amount of fat possible from DDGS without inducing health problems due to excess sulfur (S) intake. Distillers grains (DG) and OIL treatments were formulated to be isolipid and isonitrogenous, while the NO OIL treatment was formulated to be isonitrogenous to DG and OIL with no additional fat. During the collection periods, total fecal and urinary output was collected, weighed, sub-sampled, and pooled by animal within period. Individual feed ingredients, and sub-samples of pooled urine, feces, and feed refusals were analyzed for nutrient content and LCFA, and apparent total tract digestibilities were calculated. There were no significant differences due to treatment for digestibilities of DM, OM, ash, ADF, NDF, or N. Ash intake was higher (P = 0.0003) for steers on the DG treatment; intakes were similar between steers fed OIL and NO OIL treatments. Intakes of ADF and NDF were lower (P = 0.071 and 0.022, respectively) in the DG treatment when compared to the OIL and NO OIL treatments. Digestibility of EE did not differ between DG and OIL; however, EE digestibility was greater in both DG and OIL (P = 0.008) than NO OIL. Nitrogen digestibility was not affected (P = 0.51) by treatment and was lowest for DG. Apparent digestibility of Cl 7:0 was the least (P = 0.002) for OIL (1.32%), followed by NO OIL (15.53%) and DG (37.44%). Cl 8:0 difference was greatest (P = 0.07) in DG (97.83%) and lowest for OIL (-5.18%). C18:lc9 difference was greatest (P = 0.03) for DG (96.42%) and least for NO OIL (95.00%). Total cis-Cl 8: 1 differences followed the same pattern of significance as C18:lc9 (P = 0.02). The final group of FA displaying significant (P < 0.02) differences were C20:3, C20:5, C22:2, an unidentified CLA isomer, total C20, and total CLA. In each instance, apparent differences were greatest in DG and OIL.
Key words: distillers grains, corn oil, fatty acid, digestibility
Library of Congress Subject Headings
Beef cattle -- Feeding and feeds
Distillers feeds
Corn oil
Oils and fats in animal nutrition
Format
application/pdf
Number of Pages
114
Publisher
South Dakota State University
Recommended Citation
Bartosh, Abigail Joy, "Effect of Supplemental Fat from Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles or Corn Oil on Cow Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Plasma Concentrations of Long Chain Fatty Acids, Insulin-like Growth Factor-1, Growth Hormone, and Non-esterified Fatty Acids" (2008). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1423.
https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd2/1423
