Document Type

Thesis - University Access Only

Award Date

2012

Degree Name

Master of Science (MS)

Department / School

Animal Science

First Advisor

Jeffrey Clapper

Abstract

A feeding study was conducted to determine if selenium (Se) source fed during gestation and lactation affects passive transfer of immunoglobulins from dam to offspring. Sixty days prior to breeding ( d -60), a total of 27 crossbred gilts ( 130 ± 6.4 kg; 240 days) were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: control (C, no Se supplementation; n=9), inorganic Se (I, 0.3 ppm Se as sodium selenite; n=9) and organic Se (0, 0.3 ppm Se as selenized yeast; n=9). Gilts were fed their respective diets (1.81 kg/day) for the duration of gestation directly on the cement floor and had ad libitum access to water via a nipple waterer. Gilts were bred by artificial insemination on their first estrus after synchronization with Matrix® (Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health) according to manufacturer's protocol. Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound d 28 post breeding. Gilts were bled via jugular venipuncture on d -60, on d 57 and 113 of gestation, and on d 21 of lactation ( weaning) for determination of circulating concentrations of Se, IgG, IgA, and IgM. Parity 1 females were milked at parturition ( d 0) and weekly (d 1, 7, 14 and 21) during lactation for subsequent determination of colostral and milk Se and immunoglobulin concentrations. At birth, piglets were removed from the mother, dried and placed in plastic totes under a heat lamp to ensure no piglets suckled prior to blood collection. All piglets were bled via jugular venipuncture prior to suckling (d 0) and weekly (d 1, 7, 14 and 21) thereafter for subsequent determination of whole blood Se and circulating immunoglobulin concentrations. Gestation diets contained 0.182, 0.469, and 0.419 ppm of Se in the control, inorganic supplemented, and organic supplemented diets, respectively. Lactation diets contained 0.272, 0.523, and 0.547 ppm of Se in the control, inorganic supplemented, and organic supplemented, respectively. Dietary treatment affected whole blood concentrations of Se as gilts supplemented with an organic source of Se had greater whole blood concentrations of Se than gilts supplemented with an inorganic source or no additional Se (P< 0.05). Whole blood concentrations of Se were greatest at d -60 compared to all other days (P< 0.05), and d 57 of gestation was greater than d 113 of gestation (P< 0.05). Dietary treatment had no effect (P>0.05) on serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, and lgM. Serum concentrations of lgG were greatest in gilts at d 57 of gestation compared to d 113 of gestation (P< 0.05). Serum concentrations of IgA were greatest on d 113 of gestation and d 21 of lactation compared to d -60 and 57 of gestation (P< 0.05). Serum concentrations of IgM were greater at d 57 compared to d -60 (P< 0.05). Colostral and milk concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM were greatest at parturition compared to all other days (P< 0.05). Gilts supplemented with an inorganic source of Se had greater (P< 0.05) colostral and milk concentrations of IgG and lgM than gilts supplemented with an organic source or no additional Se. Gilts supplemented with an inorganic source of Se had greater colostral and milk concentrations of IgA than gilts supplemented with an organic source of Se (P< 0.05). vii Whole blood concentrations of Se in piglets were greatest at d 14 and 21 compared to all other sample days (P< 0.05), and d 7 piglets had greater concentrations of Se than d 1 (P< 0.05). Piglets born to gilts fed an organic source of Se had greater whole blood concentrations of Se on d 1 than piglets born to gilts fed no additional Se (P< 0.05). Selenium supplementation did not affect the serum concentrations of IgG or IgM in piglets (P>0.05). Serum concentrations of lgG in piglets were greatest (P< 0.05) at d 1, then decreased through d 21. Gilts supplemented with no additional or an inorganic source of Se had piglets on d 1 with greater (P< 0.05) serum concentrations of lgA than all other days. Gilts supplemented with an organic source of Se had piglets on d 0 with decreased (P< 0.05) serum concentrations of IgA than d 7 and 21. Piglets on d 1 from gilts supplemented with no additional Se had increased (P< 0.05) serum concentrations of IgA compared to piglets from gilts supplemented with an organic source of Se. Gilts supplemented with an organic source of Se had piglets on d 21 with greater (P< 0.05) serum concentrations of IgA than piglets from gilts supplemented with no additional or an inorganic source of Se. Serum concentrations of IgM in piglets on d 1, 14, and 21 were greater (P< 0.05) than d 0 and 7. These results showed that adding an inorganic or organic source of Se into maternal diets did not affect the serum concentrations of immunoglobulins in the dam or piglets. The lg profiles, however, did change over time in the piglets.

Library of Congress Subject Headings

Swine -- Immunology 
Swine -- Feeding and feeds 
Selenium in animal nutrition 
Immunoglobulins

Publisher

South Dakota State University

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Rights Statement

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