Document Type

Plan B - Open Access

Award Date

2026

Degree Name

Master of Science (MS)

Department

Health and Nutritional Sciences

First Advisor

Gemma E. Bastian

Abstract

Objective: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience challenges related to interoceptive awareness, which can impact feeding behaviors and overall nutrition. Parents play a critical role in supporting the development of these skills, however limited research has examined parental knowledge and practices related to interoception and child feeding behaviors. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between parental knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to interoception and child feeding behaviors in children with ADHD to help inform the development of parent-focused educational resources.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was developed based on a targeted review of literature examining ADHD, interoception, and feeding behaviors. The survey included Likert-scale and open-ended questions assessing child feeding behaviors, interoceptive awareness, mealtime, experiences, and parent confidence in supporting eating behaviors. Participants included parents or primary caregivers who lived in South Dakota and had ≥1 child aged 4-10 with ADHD were eligible to participate. The survey was administered via Qualtrics from January-March 2026.
Results: A total of 23 parents completed the survey. Participants had a mean age of 47.1 ± 13.3 years, and 100% identified as female. Children demonstrated moderate dietary variety but continued reliance on preferred foods and decreased willingness to try new foods, along with variability in appetite. Parents reported challenges related to food acceptance and confidence that their child consumes enough food, while overall confidence in supporting eating behaviors and establishing routines remained moderate to high. Parents also expressed interest in receiving additional nutrition-related support, particularly practical strategies and accessible educational resources.
Conclusion: Findings indicate that while parents feel generally confident in supporting their child’s eating behaviors, challenges related to food variety, intake, and interoceptive awareness remain present. These results highlight the need for practical, parent-focused educational resources to support feeding behaviors and improve children’s ability to recognize and respond to internal cues.

Publisher

South Dakota State University

Rights

Copyright © 2026 the author

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