Document Type

Plan B - Open Access

Award Date

2026

Degree Name

Master of Science (MS)

Department

Health and Nutritional Sciences

First Advisor

Gemma E. Bastian

Abstract

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disability that impacts attention, impulse control, and self-regulation, which may also influence eating behaviors and nutrition status. Children with ADHD are more likely to experience feeding challenges, including selective eating, inconsistent appetite, emotional eating, and difficulty recognizing hunger and fullness cues. These challenges may be partially explained by deficits in interoception, or the ability to perceive internal body signals. Caregivers play a key role in shaping feeding behaviors. However, limited research has examined caregiver knowledge and practices related to interoception in this population. 
Objective: To examine caregiver knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to interoception and child feeding behaviors in children with ADHD, and to identify caregiver-reported needs to inform future educational resources. 
Methods: A cross-sectional mixed methods survey was administered via Qualtrics from January to March 2026 to caregivers in South Dakota with ≥1 child aged 4-10 diagnosed with ADHD. The survey assessed demographics, interoceptive awareness, mealtime experiences, caregiver confidence, and preferences for receiving nutrition information. 
Results: 23 caregivers met inclusion criteria. Caregivers reported moderate confidence in supporting feeding behaviors. Children demonstrated awareness of hunger cues but greater difficulty interpreting internal signals, particularly distinguishing hunger from boredom. Common challenges included selective eating, distraction during meals, and inconsistent intake.

Publisher

South Dakota State University

Rights

Copyright © 2026 the author

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