Title

Gastrointestinal Nitrogen Metabolism of Equids and Impact on Protein Requirement

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

6-1-2016

Keywords

nitrogen, digestibility, horse, protein, requirements

Abstract

Equids evolved grazing forage of low protein and high fiber content. However present day horse feeding management typically consists of higher protein and less fiber, often exceeding protein requirements. Feeding excessive proteins to equids on nitrogen (N) excretion and contamination of ground water is of particular concern and relevance in areas close to water ways. A review was prepared as part of an initiative by the USDA Multi-State project NE-1041 committee on “Environmental Impacts of Equine Operations” to build programs aimed at mitigating N excretion from equine feeding operations. This review presents information on dietary protein utilization in equids and identify knowledge gaps for potential key future research areas to build upon. The review addresses the gastrointestinal anatomy of equids with an emphasis of the evolutionary dietary and anatomical adaptation. Challenges in assessment of protein quality of feeds are emphasized in particular in regards to the significance of pre and post-cecal protein digestibility and the contribution from hindgut N and AA metabolism and absorption. The need for greater understanding of GIT protein digestion processes, anatomical site of N and AA absorption, and systemic access to protein and AA digestibility estimates of equine feeds to refine current CP and generate AA requirement estimates is discussed.

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