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Home > College of Natural Sciences > Bio-Microbiology > Native Plant

South Dakota Native Plant Research
 

This research program was initiated in 1999 as part of an SDSU Agricultural Experiment Station funded program in the laboratory of Dr. R. Neil Reese. This project is designed to provide research and educational opportunities to students interested in conservation and utilization of native plant species, as well as encourage the use of native plants by small family farmers as alternative crops in South Dakota.

  • To locate a plant by the Native American name, or common name use the search box in the left side-bar.

  • A glossary of terms used in this collection can be found here.

  • Some items contain supplemental images documenting the life cycle of the plant.
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  • Acer negundo by R. Neil Reese

    Acer negundo

    R. Neil Reese

    Acer negundo is a(n) spreading small tree. It is often a multi-stemmed, which grows 8 m to 25 m in height. This species is commonly found stream banks and in canyon bottoms throughout the Great Plains. The leaves are opposite, pinnately compound. Acer negundo has yellowish green, single sex, non-showy flowers that bloom from March to May, just as leaves emerge.

  • Achillea millefolium by R. Neil Reese

    Achillea millefolium

    R. Neil Reese

    Achillea millefolium is a(n) perennial herbaceous, which grows 30 cm to 100 cm in height. This species is commonly found found on all northern continents in mildly disturbed areas, meadows, woods, prairies. The leaves are alternate, bipinnately dissected. Achillea millefolium has whitish, cream-colored pinkish flowers that bloom from May to June.

  • Acorus calamus by R. Neil Reese

    Acorus calamus

    R. Neil Reese

    Acorus calamus is a(n) herb grasslike perennial, which grows 3ft to 5ft in height. This species is commonly found swamps and marshes. The leaves are ensiform, erect and linear. Acorus calamus has light brown greenish-brown flowers that bloom from May to July.

  • Agastache foeniculum by R. Neil Reese

    Agastache foeniculum

    R. Neil Reese

    Agastache foeniculum is a(n) perenial herb rhizomatous, which grows 0.6 m to 1 m in height. This species is commonly found upland woods and prairies(Kindscher). The leaves are opposite, egg-shaped, greenish above, and whitish. Agastache foeniculum has lavender purple bluish purple flowers that bloom from July to August.

    Additional Notes: Flowers are five toothed, and appear in whorls, in a simple terminal spikelike arrangement.

  • Allium cernuum by R. Neil Reese

    Allium cernuum

    R. Neil Reese

    Allium cernuum is a(n) perennial herb, which grows 30 cm to 45 cm in height. This species is commonly found in Northern America, mountainous an cool regions, ledges, gravels, rocky or wooded slopes and crests. The leaves are keeled grass-like, 2-4 mm wide. Allium cernuum has white, pink or rose colored flowers that bloom from July to August.

  • Allium stellatum by R. Neil Reese

    Allium stellatum

    R. Neil Reese

    Allium stellatum is a(n) herb perennial, which grows 2dm to 6dm in height. This species is commonly found prairies and hillsides. The leaves are Slender lanceolate basal. Allium stellatum has pink deep pink flowers that bloom from July to September.

  • Allium textile by R. Neil Reese

    Allium textile

    R. Neil Reese

    Allium textile is a(n) perennial herb, which grows 1 dm to 3 dm in height. This species is commonly found throughout the Hills area; mixed grass prairies, sagebrush steppes, meadows, open pine forests, and clearings. The leaves are (2) 1-3 mm wide. Allium textile has white and rarely pink colors for the flowers that bloom from May to June.

    Additional Notes: Textile onion is the most common wild onion on the prairie. It emerges early in spring when other forage is limited and then is readily grazed off by livestock. Production is very low. Milk cows eating textile onion will give onion-tainted milk.

  • Amelanchier alnifolia by R. Neil Reese

    Amelanchier alnifolia

    R. Neil Reese

    Achillea alnifolia is a(n) perennial shrub or small tree. It is a, which grows 1 m to 5 m in height. This species is commonly found open slopes and along streams from the Yukon south to Oregon and east into Iowa. The leaves are deciduous, alternate. Amelanchier alnifolia has white pink flowers that bloom from April to May.

  • Amorpha canescens by R. Neil Reese

    Amorpha canescens

    R. Neil Reese

    Amorpha canescens is a(n) perennial shrub, which grows 3 dm to 12 dm in height. This species is commonly found land in Michigan, Saslatchewan, Indiana, Arkansas, New Mexico. The leaves are alternate odd-pinnate. Amorpha canescens has blue violet flowers that bloom from May to August.

  • Amorpha fruticosa by R. Neil Reese

    Amorpha fruticosa

    R. Neil Reese

    Amorpha fruticosa is a(n) perennial shrub, which grows 1 m to 3.5 m in height. This species is commonly found on the eastern and southern edges of the Black Hills along moist stream banks, in the open or in open woods. The leaves are mainly at branch tips, alternating, pinnately compunded, composed of many small leaflets rather then dark green leaflets. Amorpha fruticosa has slender racemes, purple with yellow stamens flowers that bloom from June to August.

    Additional Notes: False indigo is not generally browsed. Northern Plains Indians used its straight branches for arrow shafts.

  • Amorpha nana by R. Neil Reese

    Amorpha nana

    R. Neil Reese

    Amorpha nana is a(n) perennial shrub, which grows 3 dm to 6 dm in height. This species is commonly found on dry prairies and rocky or sandy hillsides. The leaves are branched above, sometimes rhizomatose; stems moderately stigulose but become glabrate. Amorpha nana has dark purple colored flowers that bloom from May to June.

  • Amphicarpaea bracteata by R. Neil Reese

    Amphicarpaea bracteata

    R. Neil Reese

  • Anaphalis margaritacea by R. Neil Reese

    Anaphalis margaritacea

    R. Neil Reese

  • Andropogon gerardii by R. Neil Reese

    Andropogon gerardii

    R. Neil Reese

    Andropogon gerardii is a(n) perennial non rhizomatous to shortly-rhizomatous, which grows 5 dm to 20 dm in height. This species is commonly found prairie, pastures, roadsides, open priaire, and rocky soil in the nothern latitudes. The leaves are soft-textured, flat (3-9 mm wide). Andropogon gerardii has green rust-red flowers that bloom from July to October.

  • Anemone canadensis by R. Neil Reese

    Anemone canadensis

    R. Neil Reese

    Anemone canadensis is a(n) perennial herb, which grows 10 cm to 60 cm in height. This species is commonly found in moist meadows int the Limestone Plateau and rarely at mid to high elevations in the northern and central Black Hills. The leaves are basal and long-petioled except for 2-3 sessiles and have 3 to 5 lobes which are sharply toothed. Anemone canadensis has 1-3 white petals, 2-5 cm across, flowers that bloom from June to July.

    Additional Notes:
    Meadow anemone, or Canada anemone, is much more common in the glaciated part of the northern Great Plains (mostly east of the Missouri River), where it forms patchs in moist prairies, wet meadows, and roadside ditches.

  • Anemone cylindrica by R. Neil Reese

    Anemone cylindrica

    R. Neil Reese

  • Antennaria neglecta by R. Neil Reese

    Antennaria neglecta

    R. Neil Reese

  • Apios americana by R. Neil Reese

    Apios americana

    R. Neil Reese

  • Aralia nudicaulis by R. Neil Reese

    Aralia nudicaulis

    R. Neil Reese

    Aralia nudicaulis is a(n) perennial herb, which grows O.4 m to 0.5m in height. This species is commonly found in low to mid elevations of the central and northern Black Hills and Bear Lodge Mts. In moist understory of coniferous forests and deciduous woodlands. The leaves are usually solitary, erect, and ternately compounded with each divison 3-5 foliate. Aralia nudicaulis has greenish to white with 5-petaled flowers that bloom from June to July.Additional Notes: The aromatic rootstock of wild sarsaparilla has been used as a substiture for the true sarsaparilla, a tropical plant, in the flavoring of root beer and teas. This plant has no known value to grasing animals, although the fuits are undoubtedly taken by birds.

  • Aralia racemosa by R. Neil Reese

    Aralia racemosa

    R. Neil Reese

    Aralia racemosa is a(n) perennial herbaceous, which grows 1m to 2m high in height. This species is commonly found on wooded hilsides in e SD; e NE; ne KS; MN,SD, south to GA, TX, AZ, and n Mex. The leaves are spreading pinnately compound or ternately decompou. Aralia racemosa has an inflorescence of panicles of many umbels, white cream colored flowers that bloom from late June to July.

    Additional Notes: Often somewhat woody at the base of the stems; stem purplish or spotted. Fruit a blackish drupe, persistaant to late fall.

  • Arctostaphylos uva-ursi by R. Neil Reese

    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

    R. Neil Reese

    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi is a(n) perennial low shrub, which grows to in height. This species is commonly found soils in Labrador, Alaska, Virginia, Illinois, Nebraska, Indiana, Montana, New Mexico, Northern California. The leaves are alternate. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi has pink red flowers that bloom from May to July.

  • Arisaema triphyllum by R. Neil Reese

    Arisaema triphyllum

    R. Neil Reese

    Arisaema triphyllum is a(n) perennial herb, which grows 5 dm to 6 dm in height. This species is commonly found in moist to intermittently dry deciduous woods. The leaves are palmately deivided into 3 leaflets, each ovate to elliptic and are 6-22 cm long, 5-15 cm wide. The undersides of the leaves are lighter then the upersides. Arisaema triphyllum has a purple to brownish-red on the inner surface fo t flowers that bloom from May to June.

  • Artemisia frigida by R. Neil Reese

    Artemisia frigida

    R. Neil Reese

  • Artemisia tridentata by R. Neil Reese

    Artemisia tridentata

    R. Neil Reese

  • Asarum canadense by R. Neil Reese

    Asarum canadense

    R. Neil Reese

 

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